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quartz/content/Notes/Pakistan Affairs/Pakistan's foreign policy approach towards India and Afghanistan.md
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Pakistan's foreign policy approach towards India and Afghanistan

05-07-2025 Pakistan Affairs

Pakistan’s foreign policy has largely been shaped by security imperatives, especially concerning India and Afghanistan, its two most geopolitically significant neighbors. While the overarching objectives—territorial security, strategic depth, and regional influence—have remained consistent, the tactical approaches have shifted due to changing regional dynamics, global pressures, and internal political transitions.

Pakistan’s Approach Towards India

Consistent Elements

  • Kashmir-centric stance: Persistent support for the right of self-determination of Kashmiris.
  • Strategic parity: Pursuit of nuclear deterrence and military balance through arms build-up.
  • Diplomatic contestation: Opposition to India’s global positioning (e.g., NSG membership, UNSC seat).

Recent Status

  • No formal dialogue since 2016.
  • Suspension of trade and diplomatic engagement post-2019 (Abrogation of Article 370).
  • Occasional back-channel talks via UAE and US intermediaries.

Pakistan’s Approach Towards Afghanistan

Consistent Elements

  • Strategic influence: Maintaining a friendly regime in Kabul to avoid Indian influence.
  • Pashtun concerns: Managing border tribes, cross-border movement, and Durand Line sensitivity.
  • Security-centric: Focus on minimizing TTP threats and cross-border terrorism.

Recent Status

  • Tensions over border fencing, refugee management, and TTP sanctuaries.
  • Pakistan’s inability to secure Taliban cooperation against anti-Pakistan militancy.

Mind Map

!pakistan's foreign policy with india and afghanistan mindmap.excalidraw