# Pakistan's foreign policy approach towards India and Afghanistan

05-07-2025
[[Pakistan Affairs]] 

Pakistan’s foreign policy has largely been shaped by **security imperatives**, especially concerning **India and Afghanistan**, its two most geopolitically significant neighbors. While the overarching objectives—**territorial security**, **strategic depth**, and **regional influence**—have remained consistent, the **tactical approaches** have shifted due to changing regional dynamics, global pressures, and internal political transitions.

## Pakistan’s Approach Towards India 
### Consistent Elements
- **Kashmir-centric stance**: Persistent support for the right of self-determination of Kashmiris.
- **Strategic parity**: Pursuit of **nuclear deterrence** and military balance through arms build-up.
- **Diplomatic contestation**: Opposition to India’s global positioning (e.g., NSG membership, UNSC seat).
### Recent Status
- No formal dialogue since 2016.
- Suspension of trade and diplomatic engagement **post-2019 (Abrogation of Article 370)**.
- Occasional back-channel talks via UAE and US intermediaries.

## Pakistan’s Approach Towards Afghanistan
### Consistent Elements
- **Strategic influence**: Maintaining a friendly regime in Kabul to avoid Indian influence.
- **Pashtun concerns**: Managing border tribes, cross-border movement, and **Durand Line sensitivity**.
- **Security-centric**: Focus on minimizing **TTP threats** and **cross-border terrorism**.
### Recent Status
- Tensions over **border fencing**, **refugee management**, and **TTP sanctuaries**.
- Pakistan’s inability to secure Taliban cooperation against **anti-Pakistan militancy**.

## Mind Map

![[pakistan's foreign policy with india and afghanistan mindmap.excalidraw|600]]