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120 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
120 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "12-ethics-and-computing"
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aliases:
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tags:
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- cosc203
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- lecture
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sr-due: 2022-12-06
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sr-interval: 45
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sr-ease: 250
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---
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# what is ethics
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- concerned with the fundamental issues of practical decision making. what actions should we take or not take?
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requirements for an ethical system
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- must be usable and practical
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- need to be able to learn it, and use it
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need to maintain respect for others views
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# normative ethics
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- the study of ethical behaviour
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- investigates questions regarding how someone should act
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three approaches
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- deontology (duty or rule based)
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- utilitarianism (consequentialism)
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- virtue ethics (character based)
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## deontology
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- categorical imperitive - instrinsically valid principles that are good in and of themselves
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- must be obeyed always
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- e.g., dont murder people
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- immanuel kant
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- fundamental assumption that each person has intrinsic worth and deserves basic respect
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- may be disagreements about principles involved - e.g., inherent universal ethics, religious laws, or cultural values
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## utilitarianism
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- maximise happiness and wellbeing for people
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- john stuart mill
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- practical approach, does not consider the rights of those who disagree, minorities, or the powerless
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- identify various courses of action, ask who will be affeced by each acction, and what benefits or harms with be derived from each
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- the ethical action is the one that provides the greatest good for the greatest number
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- best for everyone overall
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## virtue ethics
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- focues on character of individuals and developing qualities of virtue or excellence.
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- being a moral person rather than rule or action oriented
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- aristotle
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- eudaimonia - state of happiness, blessedness, or well-being
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- golden rule - treat other the way you want to be treated
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- golden mean - balance between extremes
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- e.g., courage - cowardice - recklessness
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## problems with ethical theories
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- virtue
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- depend on community having similar beliefs, values and close relationsihps
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- deontology
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- how to decide on common rules when different groups have opposing views
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- what is a "right" choice results in bad consequences
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- utilitatianism
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- harming a minority and benefiting a majority doesn't build mutually beneficial relationships.
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- can legitimise doing wrong by claiming that it is justified by the outcome
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- how do you know the outcome of thier choices
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- bad results can be explained away
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## bad examples
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unforseen consequences can occur
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# applied ethics
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- association for computing machinery (ACM)
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- 
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acm code
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- concern for human well being
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- protecting individual rights and autonomy
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- do no harm (well inteded actions can lead to harm)
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- people should always be the central concern in computing
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# censorship and misinformation
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- fire and fury documentary
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- disinformation project
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- what is it
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- what is censorship
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- how do we know what information is accurate
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- searchiing forinformation
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- why is this relevant to us
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- who decides what is legitimate information
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- how can science help with decisions
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## replication crisis
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does funding influence the results that are obtained
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## controversial issue
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##
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