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145 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
145 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "avalanche"
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tags:
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-
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---
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link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-luspmL_f1o
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- Lower risk
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- Avoid avi terrain
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- safety gear
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- what to consider
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- using a guide
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Reducing risk
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- total avoidance (dont go backcountry at all)
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- avoidance lite (avoid all avalanche terrain)
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- recognising risk, accepting it, minimizing exposure
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- use bulletin
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avoidance
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- stay in bounds/on piste
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- use low angle slopes
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- steep: 30-45 degrees
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minimize exposure to risks
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- know if you are in avalanche terrain
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- maps, guidbooks, photos
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- clinometers
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- _quality_ level 1 course
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Use the bulletin forecast
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- low
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- moderate : natural avalanches not likely, man made avalanches possible if you ski in the wrong spot
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- considerable: if you ski in the wrong spot, human triggered avalances are likely
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no overhead hazard: not below a large face or something
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avalanche problem:
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- persistent weak layer
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- wind drifted snow
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whoomps under skis: collapsing snow, avalanches likely
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## Video 2
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link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1r0YIgdjm6M
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lots of different types of avalanche. loose vs slab, wet vs dry.
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usually: strong snow over weak snow.
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strong: often wind effect: ltighly bonded grains
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weak: light snow with no wind and cold clear nights
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important: slope angle
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## Snowpack tests
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link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvwhuP4qtQg
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- compression test
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- locating instabilities near surface
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- 30(upslope not horixontal) x30cmx110cm ()
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- tap 10 times with finger tips
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- mark factures as easy
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- level column
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- tap 10 times with finger tips from elbow
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- level
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- tap with hand or fist from shoulder
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- facture types video: http://vimeo.com/30996756
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- deep tap test
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- similar to compression test but tests only for weak persistent layer relatively deep in the snowpack
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- extended column test
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- same as compresion test but 90cm wide not just 30cm
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- 
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- rutschblock test
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- propagation saw test
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- shovel shear test
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- hand shear test
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equipment
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- shovel
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- probe
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- snow saw
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- ruler
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- cord
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## uptracking and route selection
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link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAXgSoSUD3Y
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avalanche triangle: snowpack, terrain, weather.
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terrain
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- 
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- 5 red flags: "natures freebies"
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- recent avalanches
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- shooting cracks
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- recent wind loading
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- recent snow
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- thaw, snow snails
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- debris in creeks
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snowpack
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weather
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- 
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alptruth
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stay far apart so you dont all get trapped.
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uptracking
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- use google earth
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steepness
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- caltopo
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- hill map
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100 with hand vs 1 snow pit
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human factor
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- familiarity: assuming this are safe because they have been in the past
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- acceptance: allowing desire for acceptance (of others) to override decision making process
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- consistency: fear of appearing indecisive,
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- expert halo: deferring automatically to the expert
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- tracks/scarcity:allowing desire to have your day out to influence decisions
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**develop a routine**
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## Weather and snowpack: slab avalanche formation
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avalanches |