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63 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
63 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "12-ethics-and-computing"
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aliases:
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tags:
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- cosc203
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- lecture
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---
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# what is ethics
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- concerned with the fundamental issues of practical decision making. what actions should we take or not take?
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requirements for an ethical system
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- must be usable and practical
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- need to be able to learn it, and use it
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need to maintain respect for others views
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## normative ethics
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- the study of ethical behaviour
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- investigates questions regarding how someone should act
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three approaches
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- deontology (duty or rule based)
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- utilitarianism (consequentialism)
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- virtue ethics (character based)
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## deontology
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- categorical imperitive - instrinsically valid principles that are good in and of themselves
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- must be obeyed always
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- e.g., dont murder people
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- immanuel kant
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- fundamental assumption that each person has intrinsic worth and deserves basic respect
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- may be disagreements about principles involved - e.g., inherent universal ethics, religious laws, or cultural values
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## utilitarianism
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- maximise happiness and wellbeing for people
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- john stuart mill
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- practical approach, does not consider the rights of those who disagree, minorities, or the powerless
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- identify various courses of action, ask who will be affeced by each acction, and what benefits or harms with be derived from each
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- the ethical action is the one that provides the greatest good for the greatest number
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- best for everyone overall
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## virtue ethics
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- focues on character of individuals and developing qualities of virtue or excellence.
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- being a moral person rather than rule or action oriented
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- aristotle
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- eudaimonia - state of happiness, blessedness, or well-being
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- golden rule - treat other the way you want to be treated
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- golden mean - balance between extremes
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- e.g., courage - cowardice - recklessness
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## problems with ethical theories
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- virtue
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- depend on community having similar beliefs, values and close relationsihps
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- deontology
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- how to decide on common rules when different groups have opposing views
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- what is a "right" choice results in bad consequences
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- utilitatianism
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- harming a minority and benefiting a majority doesn't build mutually be |