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# Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi's reforms and impacts
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12-06-2025
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[[history]] [[Pakistan Affairs]]
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Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi was 16th century a Sunni Muslim scholar during the Mughal Empire. During his time, the Mughal emperor Akbar declared a new religion called Deen-e-Ilahi that aimed to synchronize all the different religions of South Asia. In response to this, Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi started a reformist movement that aimed to reestablish Sunni orthodox Muslim ideology and remove all sorts of bi'dah.
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## Sociopolitical Conditions of the subcontinent
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- During Sirhindi's time, the Mughal emperor Akbar developed a new religious ideology that was based on pluralism. He combined teachings of Islam, Hinduism, and Zoroastrianism into a singular religion called Deen-e-Ilahi.
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- Akbar also banned fundamental Muslim practices such as Salat and Hajj, and demolished many mosques.
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- During this period, judicial authority was taken away from religious scholars and Qazis so that legal decisions could be based on Akbar's new syncretic religion.
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- Akbar also legalized alcohol.
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- THE GREAT MIGRATION OF THE PROSTITUTES.
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These issues and many others led to a reformist movement by Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi to re-establish Islamic orthodoxy and core Islamic values and principles.
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## Religious Reforms by Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi
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- Sirhindi opposed Akbar's Deen-e-Ilahi, which he considered heretical. He also challenged the Sufi ideology that blurred the line between creator and creation, which he deemed incompatible with Islamic ideology.
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- He also opposed Akbar's judicial renovations and emphasized the supremacy of Shariah law.
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- He sought to strengthen Sunni Muslim ideology and jurisprudence in all religious, judicial, and social affairs.
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- He actively criticized Bi'dah (religious innovations) which were brought on by Akbar's pluralistic ideology and the influence of Hindu culture.
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Sirhindi was critical of Akbar's religious innovations, Deen-e-Ilahi, the influence of Sufism and Hinduism, and the resulting decline of Sunni orthodox Muslim ideology.
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## Impact of Sirhindi's Reforms on the Mughal Empire
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- Sirhindi's influence gradually gained ground in Jahangir and Aurangzeb's time. Aurangzeb especially was deeply influenced by Sirhindi, which led him to shun Hindu culture and practices, enforce Shariah, and reimpose Jizya.
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- Sirhindi's influence also led to religious intolerance in the Subcontinent, which led to a decline of interfaith harmony. As a result, many temples were destroyed, and Hindus and other religious minorities were marginalized.
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- His influence also led to Muslim scholars regaining the power and influence that they lost during Akbar's reign.
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While Sirhindi was influential in reviving pure Islamic ideology and even succeeded at it, his reforms also caused the decline of the Mughal empire. His reforms strengthened Islamic identity but also alienated the Mughals from the local Hindu population, which weakened and eventually fractured the unity of the subcontinent that was present during Akbar's era.
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## References
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https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shaykh-Ahmad-Sirhindi |