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- Added new sections on belief in angels, revealed books, concept of Islam, doctrine of Risalat, finality of prophethood, Islamic culture, and contemporary challenges in Islamic Studies.
- Updated Pakistan Affairs notes including topics on Article 370, BRICS, CPEC, climate change, political instability, and foreign policy.
- Revised existing notes for clarity and added relevant dates.
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Evolution of Pakistan's foreign policy since 1947

09-07-2025 Pakistan Affairs

Pakistan’s foreign policy has evolved in response to its geostrategic location, security concerns, and global power alignments. Since independence, its foreign relations have been dominated by concerns over national survival, Kashmir, regional balance with India, and global alliances. Despite intermittent successes, Pakistan’s foreign policy has often been reactive, security-centric, and dependent on external powers, limiting its long-term strategic autonomy.

Core Objectives of Pakistan's Foreign Policy

Objective	Description
National Security	Countering India and maintaining sovereignty
Kashmir resolution	Seeking international support for Kashmiri self-determination
Economic development	Securing aid, trade, and investment through foreign relations
Strategic alliances	Building partnerships with major powers for military and political support
Islamic solidarity	Positioning as a leader of the Muslim world
Regional influence	Ensuring regional influence, especially in Afghanistan

Timeline of Pakistan's Foreign Policy Evolution

!evolution of pakistan's foreign policy mindmap.excalidraw

Assessment of Success in Achieving Objectives

Objective	Analysis
National Security	Nuclear deterrence achieved, but internal security weakened by extremism
Kashmir Issue	No meaningful resolution; issue marginalized internationally
Economic Development	Significant inflows, but aid dependency persisted
Strategic Alliances	Tactical alliances were formed but they were often transactional and unreliable
Islamic Solidarity	Limited leadership role in OIC. Mostly symbolic
Regional Influence	Some influence in Afghanistan but India has remained dominant in South Asia

Challenges to Pakistan's Foregin Policy

!causes behind pakistan's reactive foriegn policy mindmap.excalidraw

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