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73 lines
1.5 KiB
Markdown
73 lines
1.5 KiB
Markdown
# Constitutional development of Pakistan (1947–1973)
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26-06-2025
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[[Pakistan Affairs]] [[history]]
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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:1947 - Independence & Govt of India Act 1935 (interim);
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note right
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- No constitution of its own
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- Colonial legacy continued
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- Lack of democratic clarity
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end note
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:1956 - First Constitution enacted;
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note right
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- Political instability
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- Frequent PM changes (7 PMs between 1947 and 1958).
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- Continued East-West tension
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- “One Unit” scheme (1955) to counter East Pakistan’s demographic dominance
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end note
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:1958 - Martial Law by Ayub Khan;
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note right
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- Constitution suspended, assemblies dissolved
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- Political parties banned
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- Military becomes dominant political actor
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end note
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:1962 - Second Constitution enforced;
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note right
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- Presidential system imposed
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- Limited democracy ("Basic Democracies")
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- Centralized authority
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- Lack of representation
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end note
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:1969 - Yahya Khan takes over;
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note right
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- Growing opposition
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- Ayub resigns under pressure
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- Failure of presidential system
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end note
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--> :1970 - General Elections;
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note right
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- Awami League wins majority
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- Power not transferred
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- Political deadlock between East & West
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end note
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:1971 - Fall of East Pakistan;
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note right
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- Language & ethnic alienation
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- Military crackdown in East Pakistan
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- Bangladesh created
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end note
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:1973 - Third Constitution enacted;
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note right
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- Broad consensus
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- Parliamentary & federal system
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- Islamic provisions included
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- Still issues with provincial autonomy
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end note
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@enduml
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```
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# References |