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The Doctrine of Tawhid in Islam

30-06-2025 Islamic Studies religion

The doctrine of Tawhid (Oneness of Allah) is the most important article of faith in Islam. It means that there is no god but Allah, and He is the supreme Being, the highest authority, and the only one worthy of worship.

Etymology of Tawhid

Tawhid comes from the triliteral root و ح د (Wa-Ḥa-Daal). This root carries the general meaning of oneness, unity, and singularity.

Tawhid in the Quran

The concept of Tawhid can be best understood from the verses of Surah Ikhlas (The Sincerity).

!Quran 112-1-4.png

Say, He is Allah, the One and Only. Allah, the Eternal. He neither begets, nor is He begotten. Nor is there any equivalent of Him. (Quran 112:1-4)

This Surah states that there is only one God, who is Allah. He has always been and always will be (eternal). It states that He was not born, nor does He give birth to any entity, and that there are no equivalents to Allah. This means that there are no parents, children, siblings, or partners of Allah. He is the only one who has power over all existence.

Tawhid in Hadiths

The Right of Allah Upon His Servants

"The right of Allah upon His slaves is that they should worship Him alone and not associate anything with Him." — Sahih al-Bukhari

Whoever Dies Without Shirk

"Whoever dies while associating nothing with Allah, will enter Paradise." — Sahih al-Bukhari

Tawhid requires that a person not only have faith in the oneness of Allah but also in Allah's attributes—having faith in the fact that Allah is the only absolute authority, faith that Allah is omniscient and omnipotent, and faith that one day Allah will judge us all.

A person who worships other gods besides Allah commits shirk, which is a grave sin and unpardonable. A person who does not believe in Allah or His oneness at all commits Kufr.

Logical argument for the Oneness of Allah

If a person believes in a higher existence, or Allah for that matter, it would be a logical conclusion that there is only one God that controls all of existence. If there were multiple gods, then there would be arguments and confusion on how best to run the intricate machinery of the universe. This would only result in chaos. The fact that the universe is not chaos but an orderly system proves that there is only one master behind it.

Even the Quran mentions this argument.

"Had there been gods besides Allah within the heavens and earth, they both would have been ruined." (Quran 21:22)

Importance of Tawhid in a person's life

If a person believes in the oneness of Allah and believes that He is the only one worthy of obedience and worship, then he will not subjugate himself to others. He will stand up tall, have respect for himself, and will not bow in front of anyone. This provides a person with a certain kind of confidence and self-worth.

References

Towards Understanding Islam — Syed Abul A'la Muadudi Islamiyat — Farkhanda Noor Muhammad

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