a48e3a7b4f
- Created a new document for Pakistan Affairs with sections on historical personalities, partition, national integration, economic challenges, political stability, foreign policy, and climate change. - Added multiple topics related to Kashmir and intergovernmental organizations. - Established a new index page for CSS Notes 2025, outlining the purpose and organization of the notes.
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Pakistan Affairs international relations
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of states in South Asia. Its member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal.
However, due to the geopolitical conflict between India and Pakistan and the situation in Afghanistan, the organization has been suspended for a long time, and India currently cooperates with its eastern neighbors through BIMSTEC.
Despite the takeover of Afghanistan by the Taliban in 2021, Afghanistan is still a member of SAARC, despite calls for their suspension and none of the other SAARC members recognizing the Taliban government.
Objectives
SAARC's main objectives include promoting the welfare of the peoples of South Asia, accelerating economic growth, and fostering mutual trust and understanding among member states.
Challenges
SAARC faces significant challenges, primarily stemming from political tensions and a lack of trust among member states, particularly between India and Pakistan. These bilateral issues hinder progress on regional cooperation in areas like trade, economic integration, and infrastructure development. Additionally, weak infrastructure, diverse economies, the impact of climate change, and terrorism in the region pose further hurdles.
Opportunities and Potential
Economic Potential
SAARC has significant potential for economic growth through increased trade, investment, and infrastructure development.
Cultural and Social Ties
Shared cultural and social characteristics can be leveraged to foster greater understanding and cooperation among member states.
China's Role
Including China as a full member or observer could bring economic benefits and help balance power dynamics in the region.
Mind Map
!south asian association of regional cooperation mindmap.excalidraw