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- Created a new document for Pakistan Affairs with sections on historical personalities, partition, national integration, economic challenges, political stability, foreign policy, and climate change. - Added multiple topics related to Kashmir and intergovernmental organizations. - Established a new index page for CSS Notes 2025, outlining the purpose and organization of the notes.
48 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
48 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
[[Pakistan Affairs]] [[international relations]]
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## History
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## Objectives
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### Economic
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### Political
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### Security and Defence
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## Member Countries
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1. China
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2. Russia
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3. Kazakhastan
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4. Kyrgyzstan
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5. Tajikistan
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6. Uzbekistan
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7. Pakistan
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8. India
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9. Iran
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10. Belarus
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## Pakistan's Reasons for Joining SCO
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### Regional Security and Stability
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Pakistan emphasized the importance of collective security mechanisms to address regional threats. It highlighted the need for joint efforts in combating terrorism, extremism, and separatism, which are pivotal to ensuring regional stability. Pakistan reiterated its commitment to the SCO's Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) and called for enhanced intelligence sharing and joint military exercises.
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### Economic Cooperation and Connectivity
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Pakistan advocated for greater economic integration among SCO members, stressing the need to enhance trade and investment flows. It emphasized the significance of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as a flagship project under China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which can catalyze regional connectivity and economic development.
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### Afghanistan's Stability
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Given its geographic proximity and historical ties, Pakistan underscored the importance of a stable and peaceful Afghanistan for regional security. Pakistan called for a coordinated approach among SCO members to support the Afghan peace process and ensure that the country does not become a haven for terrorist groups.
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### Climate Change and Environmental Issues
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Recognizing the growing impact of climate change, Pakistan highlighted the need for collaborative efforts to address environmental challenges. It proposed joint initiatives on water management, disaster response, and sustainable development to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change in the region.
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## The SCO is trash at cooperating
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Any club that includes both India and Pakistan, for instance, is unlikely to achieve consensus easily. India also has a border spat with China. In 2021, meanwhile, more than 50 people were killed in clashes on the border between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The persistence of such bilateral disputes has left the SCO with a reputation for ineffectiveness. As Temur Umarov of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a think-tank headquartered in Washington, puts it, “bigger is not better” when co-operation is the goal.
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## Mind Map
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![[shanghai cooperation organization mindmap.excalidraw|600]]
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## Related Ideas
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[[Importance of CPEC for China and Pakistan]]
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[[Pakistan and China relations]]
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## References
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[Shnghai Cooperation Organization, *Wikipedia*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation)
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[The 2024 SCO Summit: Pakistan's Role and Strategic Opportunities](https://www.ia-forum.org/Content/ViewInternal_Document.cfm?contenttype_id=1&ContentID=9888)
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[What is the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation?](https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/09/14/what-is-the-shanghai-co-operation-organisation) |