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- Created a new document for Pakistan Affairs with sections on historical personalities, partition, national integration, economic challenges, political stability, foreign policy, and climate change. - Added multiple topics related to Kashmir and intergovernmental organizations. - Established a new index page for CSS Notes 2025, outlining the purpose and organization of the notes.
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Pakistan’s foreign policy has evolved in response to its geostrategic location, security concerns, and global power alignments. Since independence, its foreign relations have been dominated by concerns over national survival, Kashmir, regional balance with India, and global alliances. Despite intermittent successes, Pakistan’s foreign policy has often been reactive, security-centric, and dependent on external powers, limiting its long-term strategic autonomy.
Core Objectives of Pakistan's Foreign Policy
| Objective | Description |
|---|---|
| National Security | Countering India and maintaining sovereignty |
| Kashmir resolution | Seeking international support for Kashmiri self-determination |
| Economic development | Securing aid, trade, and investment through foreign relations |
| Strategic alliances | Building partnerships with major powers for military and political support |
| Islamic solidarity | Positioning as a leader of the Muslim world |
| Regional influence | Ensuring regional influence, especially in Afghanistan |
Timeline of Pakistan's Foreign Policy Evolution
!evolution of pakistan's foreign policy mindmap.excalidraw
Assessment of Success in Achieving Objectives
| Objective | Analysis |
|---|---|
| National Security | Nuclear deterrence achieved, but internal security weakened by extremism |
| Kashmir Issue | No meaningful resolution; issue marginalized internationally |
| Economic Development | Significant inflows, but aid dependency persisted |
| Strategic Alliances | Tactical alliances were formed but they were often transactional and unreliable |
| Islamic Solidarity | Limited leadership role in OIC. Mostly symbolic |
| Regional Influence | Some influence in Afghanistan but India has remained dominant in South Asia |
Challenges to Pakistan's Foregin Policy
!causes behind pakistan's reactive foriegn policy mindmap.excalidraw