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- Created a new document for Pakistan Affairs with sections on historical personalities, partition, national integration, economic challenges, political stability, foreign policy, and climate change. - Added multiple topics related to Kashmir and intergovernmental organizations. - Established a new index page for CSS Notes 2025, outlining the purpose and organization of the notes.
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Pakistan Affairs international relations
The Belt and Road Initiative is a global infrastructure development strategy adopted by the government of China in 2013 to invest in more than 150 countries and international organizations. The BRI is composed of six urban development land corridors linked by road, rail, energy, digital infrastructure, and the Maritime Silk Road linked by the development of ports.
Objectives
The Belt and Road Initiative addresses an "infrastructure gap" and thus has the potential to accelerate economic growth across the Asia Pacific, Africa and Central and Eastern Europe.
The project identifies five significant priorities:
- Coordination of policy
- Infrastructure connectivity
- Unhindered trade
- Economic integration
- Human connectivity
Infrastructure networks (Land Corridors)
CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor)
Importance of CPEC for China and Pakistan
The New Eurasian Land Bridge
The China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor
The China–Central Asia–West Asia Corridor
The China-Indochina Peninsula economic corridor
The Trans-Himalayan Multi-dimensional Connectivity Network
Silk Road Economic Belt
The "belt" includes countries on the original Silk Road through Central Asia, West Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. The initiative would create a cohesive economic area by building both hard infrastructure such as rail and road links and soft infrastructure such as trade agreements and a common commercial legal structure with a court system to police the agreements.
Maritime Silk Road (Sea Corridor)
The "21st Century Maritime Silk Road", or just the Maritime Silk Road, is the sea route 'corridor. It is a complementary initiative aimed at investing and fostering collaboration in Southeast Asia, Oceania and Africa through several contiguous bodies of water: the South China Sea, the South Pacific Ocean, and the wider Indian Ocean area
Challenges
High loans and high cost of BRI projects for developing countries
Long delays in projects
US Indo Pacific
Non-renewable energy projects cuasing climate issues.
Mind Map
!belt and road initiative mindmap.excalidraw
Related Ideas
Pakistan and China relations Importance of CPEC for China and Pakistan US interests in the Indo-Pacific region and ties with India and their impacts on Pak–US relations
References
Belt and Road Initiative, Wikipedia How China’s Belt and Road Initiative is changing China’s Massive Belt and Road Initiative