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@ -37,4 +37,27 @@ three approaches
## utilitarianism ## utilitarianism
- maximise happiness and wellbeing for people - maximise happiness and wellbeing for people
- john stuart mill - john stuart mill
- practical approach, does not consider the rights of those who disagree - practical approach, does not consider the rights of those who disagree, minorities, or the powerless
- identify various courses of action, ask who will be affeced by each acction, and what benefits or harms with be derived from each
- the ethical action is the one that provides the greatest good for the greatest number
- best for everyone overall
## virtue ethics
- focues on character of individuals and developing qualities of virtue or excellence.
- being a moral person rather than rule or action oriented
- aristotle
- eudaimonia - state of happiness, blessedness, or well-being
- golden rule - treat other the way you want to be treated
- golden mean - balance between extremes
- e.g., courage - cowardice - recklessness
## problems with ethical theories
- virtue
- depend on community having similar beliefs, values and close relationsihps
- deontology
- how to decide on common rules when different groups have opposing views
- what is a "right" choice results in bad consequences
- utilitatianism
- harming a minority and benefiting a majority doesn't build mutually be