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+---  
+dg-publish: true  
+dg-permalink: public-health/poland/alcohol-use  
+tag: alcohol, public-health, poland  
+share: true  
+---  
+  
+  
+  
+# Drinking as a public health problem in Poland  
+  
+  
+## general recommendations  
+- https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/prevention.htm  
+- https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/178163/E96726.pdf  
+- https://movendi.ngo/what-we-do/advocacy/aiap/alcohol-policy-best-buys/  
+  
+  
+---  
+  
+## Alcohol consumption  
+  
+### Advertising  
+  
+- US  
+  
+	- [Annotations - Saffer and Dave, “Alcohol Advertising and Alcohol Consumption by Adolescents.”](https://gr00stl.myeu.cloud/index.php/s/sBYSYnaNB3AZL53)  
+	  
+		- “Price and advertising effects are generally larger for females relative to males”   
+		  
+		- “Results from the NLSY97 suggest that a 28% reduction in alcohol advertising would reduce adolescent monthly alcohol participation from 25% to between 24 and 21%”   
+		  
+		- “For binge participation, the reduction would be from 12% to between 11 and 8%”   
+		  
+		- “The past month price participation elasticity is estimated at 0.26, consistent with prior studies.”   
+		  
+		- “effects may vary by race and gender”   
+		  
+		- “For past month and binge participation, the magnitudes are 0.26 and 0.18,”   
+  
+- EU  
+  
+	- [Annotations - de Bruijn et al., “European Longitudinal Study on the Relationship between Adolescents’ Alcohol Marketing Exposure and Alcohol Use.”](https://gr00stl.myeu.cloud/index.php/s/m6xa9D7LZiFm3HW)  
+	  
+		- “School-based sample in 181 state-funded schools in Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland.”   
+		  
+		- “(mean age 14 years, 49.5% male.”   
+		  
+		- “The analyses showed one-directional long-term effects of alcohol marketing exposure on drinking”   
+		  
+		- “There appears to be a one-way effect of alcohol marketing exposure on adolescents’ alcohol use over time, which cannot be explained by either previous drinking or exposure to nonalcohol-branded marketing.”   
+		  
+		- “Frequency of recent alcohol use was established by asking respondents at T1, T2 and T3: ‘On how many occasions (if any) have you had any alcoholic beverage to drink during the last 30 days?’”   
+		  
+		- “We considered alcohol marketing exposure as a latent variable [35], indicated by 13 alcohol marketing items measuring exposure to online alcohol marketing, televised alcohol advertising, alcohol sport sponsorship, music event/festival sponsorship, ownership of alcohol-branded promotional items and reception of free samples and exposure to price offers”   
+		  
+		- “‘On a usual school day (Monday to Friday) how much hours do you spend using the internet?’.”   
+		  
+		- “Frequency of exposure to non-alcohol sponsored football championships was included, and was similar to the measure of exposure to alcohol-sponsored football championships.”   
+		  
+		- “exposure to non-alcohol-branded television programmes and internet use did not increase the fit of the model and were excluded from the final model.”   
+		  
+		- “Examination of the parameter estimates showed that the effect of alcohol marketing exposure at T1 to frequency of past-month drinking at T2 was statistically significant [estimate = 0.420; standard error (SE) = 0.058; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.324 – 0.515; P < 0.001, standardized estimate = 0.140].”   
+		  
+		- “drinking at T1 and T2 to alcohol marketing exposure at T2 and T3, respectively, was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).”   
+		  
+		- “Our findings suggest that when considering the reciprocal process between alcohol marketing exposure and alcohol use at each timepoint, there remains a one-way effect of alcohol marketing exposure on adolescents’ alcohol use over time”   
+		  
+		- “When taking into account the impact of alcoholbranded media exposure, we found non-alcohol-branded media exposure not to be associated with adolescents’ drinking.”   
+		  
+		- “We examined the causal order of alcohol marketing exposure and drinking using an autoregressive crosslagged model, which is seen as an appropriate method”   
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  
+---  
+  
+  
+## framework  
+  
+  
+- The Ten Essential Public Health Services^[[Introduction to Public Health](https://ipfs.io/ipfs/bafykbzacecl7xg7engkxlhx2omq6ora4lhg5mkldjhqqbwwengwa5bqxvdmty?filename=Schneider,%20Henry%20S._Schneider,%20Mary-Jane%20-%20Introduction%20to%20public%20health-Jones%20&%20Barlett%20Learning%20(2017).pdf)]
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