diff --git a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/op_amp.md b/content/.trash/op_amp.md
similarity index 100%
rename from content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/op_amp.md
rename to content/.trash/op_amp.md
diff --git a/content/atlas.md b/content/atlas.md
index 516cd768f..c2edd0bdd 100644
--- a/content/atlas.md
+++ b/content/atlas.md
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ date: 2024-02-28
 
 * [Physics](physics/physics_MOC.md)
 
-* [Signal Processing](signal/signal_processing/signal_processing_MOC.md)
+* [Signal Processing](signal/signal_MOC.md)
 
 * [Data Science](data_sci/data_sci_MOC.md)
 
diff --git a/content/research_career/UWB_about/UWB_signal_generate.md b/content/research_career/UWB_about/UWB_signal_generate.md
index 7eac73b4c..c3e687a2d 100644
--- a/content/research_career/UWB_about/UWB_signal_generate.md
+++ b/content/research_career/UWB_about/UWB_signal_generate.md
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Diodes:
 
 In this article, [Circularly Polarized Ultra-Wideband Radar System for Vital Signs Monitoring](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6491501), it uses AD9959 DDS to control UWB pulse repetition frequency (PRF). This DDS has the capability to generate sinusoids up to 250MHz at 0.1-Hz frequency tuning resolution. The DDS has four channels, one for transmitting pulse, one for storing reference pulse from receiver.
 
-The outputs from the DDS, the sinusoids will be amplified by [op-amps](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/op_amp.md)(Texas Instruments Incorporated OPA699, in this article). After amplifying, the signal will be fed to [step recovery diode](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/SRD.md)(SRD). 
+The outputs from the DDS, the sinusoids will be amplified by [op-amps](signal/hardware/device_and_components/op_amp.md)(Texas Instruments Incorporated OPA699, in this article). After amplifying, the signal will be fed to [step recovery diode](signal/hardware/SRD/SRD.md)(SRD). 
 
 The **cascaded shunt mode SRD** with **decreasing lifetime method** of pulse generation produces high amplitude pulses of 3 $V_{p-p}$ at low PRFs (megahertz range), thus the pulse generator can directly drive the antenna subsystem saving the need for expensive broadband power amplifiers
 
diff --git a/content/research_career/UWB_about/report/UWB_signal_generate.md b/content/research_career/UWB_about/report/UWB_signal_generate.md
index ba531c00a..46fd7dbc3 100644
--- a/content/research_career/UWB_about/report/UWB_signal_generate.md
+++ b/content/research_career/UWB_about/report/UWB_signal_generate.md
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Diodes:
 
 In this article, [Circularly Polarized Ultra-Wideband Radar System for Vital Signs Monitoring](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6491501), it uses AD9959 DDS to control UWB pulse repetition frequency (PRF). This DDS has the capability to generate sinusoids up to 250MHz at 0.1-Hz frequency tuning resolution. The DDS has four channels, one for transmitting pulse, one for storing reference pulse from receiver.
 
-The outputs from the DDS, the sinusoids will be amplified by [op-amps](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/op_amp.md)(Texas Instruments Incorporated OPA699, in this article). After amplifying, the signal will be fed to [step recovery diode](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/SRD.md)(SRD). 
+The outputs from the DDS, the sinusoids will be amplified by [op-amps](signal/hardware/device_and_components/op_amp.md)(Texas Instruments Incorporated OPA699, in this article). After amplifying, the signal will be fed to [step recovery diode](signal/hardware/SRD/SRD.md)(SRD). 
 
 The **cascaded shunt mode SRD** with **decreasing lifetime method** of pulse generation produces high amplitude pulses of 3 $V_{p-p}$ at low PRFs (megahertz range), thus the pulse generator can directly drive the antenna subsystem saving the need for expensive broadband power amplifiers
 
diff --git a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/SRD.md b/content/signal/hardware/SRD/SRD.md
similarity index 96%
rename from content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/SRD.md
rename to content/signal/hardware/SRD/SRD.md
index a4f178b8a..024048cc8 100644
--- a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/SRD.md
+++ b/content/signal/hardware/SRD/SRD.md
@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@ date: 2023-11-02
 
 总之，阶跃恢复二极管（SRD）是一种特殊的二极管，它在高频、脉冲和微波应用中具有广泛的应用，因为它可以产生非常快速的电流和电压变化，适用于各种电子电路中的特殊应用。
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231102154725.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231102154725.png)
diff --git a/content/signal/hardware/VNA/MOC.md b/content/signal/hardware/VNA/MOC.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e87c77248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/signal/hardware/VNA/MOC.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: VNA - MOC
+tags:
+  - basic
+  - VNA
+  - signal
+  - RF
+date: 2024-05-21
+---
+* [VNA Introduction](signal/hardware/VNA/VNA_learn.md)
+* [Using VNA to do antenna matching](signal/hardware/VNA/feeding_tech.md)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/VNA_learn.md b/content/signal/hardware/VNA/VNA_learn.md
similarity index 89%
rename from content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/VNA_learn.md
rename to content/signal/hardware/VNA/VNA_learn.md
index c9017186a..3206cd32a 100644
--- a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/VNA_learn.md
+++ b/content/signal/hardware/VNA/VNA_learn.md
@@ -53,20 +53,20 @@ About what is VNA: [VNA Research](research_career/UWB_about/report/VNA_research.
 
 开路状态下，Smith Graph的标记点应该在电阻线的最右端，表明阻抗无限大，且表现出纯电阻性
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231007162754.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231007162754.png)
 
 PORT1链接短路校准件，查看史密斯图标记点应该在史密斯图上电阻线的最左端(阻抗为0，并且表现纯电阻性)。
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231007162817.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231007162817.png)
 
 PORT1链接50欧姆校准件，查看史密斯图标记点应该在史密斯图上电阻线的中心(阻抗为50欧姆，并且表现纯电阻性)。
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231007162826.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231007162826.png)
 
 
 链接一根可以确认阻抗与谐振都正常的天线（可以把一根天线定位对照组并妥善保管），可以通过拨轮移动标记点至[驻波比](signal/signal_processing/basic_knowledge/concept/SWR.md)最低点，并同步观察该频率在史密斯图上的点是否在正中心（或者无限接近中心）。同时可以看屏幕最上面的参数，如图显示，我的这条对照天线最好的驻波比为1.021，此时对应的频率2.455GHz，史密斯图中阻抗为50.72Ω+j748mΩ
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231007162914.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231007162914.png)
 
 ### 
 
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diff --git a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/AWG.md b/content/signal/hardware/cable/AWG.md
similarity index 100%
rename from content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/AWG.md
rename to content/signal/hardware/cable/AWG.md
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diff --git a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/cable.md b/content/signal/hardware/cable/cable.md
similarity index 90%
rename from content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/cable.md
rename to content/signal/hardware/cable/cable.md
index c8dc116d1..9cdfb402a 100644
--- a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/cable.md
+++ b/content/signal/hardware/cable/cable.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ date: 2023-12-05
 ---
 # Structure
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204110242.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204110242.png)
 
 * Conductor is located at the center of the cable
 * Other layers is to protect
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ date: 2023-12-05
 
 Chinese translation: 实心导体和绞合导体
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204112611.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204112611.png)
 <center><strong>Solid Conductor is in left, Stranded Conductor is in right</strong></center>
 
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Chinese translation: 实心导体和绞合导体
 > [!hint] 
 >  根据前哥说的趋肤效应([Skin effect](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E8%86%9A%E6%95%88%E6%87%89))，高频信号的电子喜欢在金属表面移动，因此实心导体可能已经被淘汰了。
 >  
->  [skin effect note](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/skin_effect.md)
+>  [skin effect note](signal/hardware/cable/skin_effect.md)
 
 ### Stranded Constructions
 
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ Chinese translation: 实心导体和绞合导体
 
 #### Bunched Stranded Conductor
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204114304.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204114304.png)
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204114312.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204114312.png)
 
 Bunched strands are simply gathered together without any specific arrangement.
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Bunched strands are simply gathered together without any specific arrangement.
 
 #### Concentric Lay Stranded Conductor
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204130617.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204130617.png)
 
 Concentric stranding (同心绞合)
 
@@ -146,17 +146,17 @@ In uni-lay stranding, every layer is twisted in the same direction.
 
 In a rope lay construction, the stranded conductors or strands are arranged in a spiral fashion to form a rope-like structure. This is a departure from the traditional uni-lay or multi-lay construction.
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204153959.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204153959.png)
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204154015.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204154015.png)
 
 
 
 # Cable Structure
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204160536.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204160536.png)
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204165012.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204165012.png)
 
 1. **Standard Conductor（标准导体）：**
     
@@ -238,11 +238,11 @@ In a rope lay construction, the stranded conductors or strands are arranged in a
 
 # Letters on Cable
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204160640.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231204160640.png)
 
 ## Size
 
-* AWG - [American Wire Gauge](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/AWG.md)
+* AWG - [American Wire Gauge](signal/hardware/cable/AWG.md)
 * $mm^2$ - Square millimeters
 * MCM - Thousand Circular Mils
 * KCMil - Thousand Circular Mils
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ In a rope lay construction, the stranded conductors or strands are arranged in a
 
 ## Quality Control Certified
 
-* [UL, TUV, ISO ... ...](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/quality_control_certified/qcc.md)
+* [UL, TUV, ISO ... ...](signal/hardware/quality_control_certified/qcc.md)
 
 # Cable Properties - Especially for RF circuit
 
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ RF cables are quite different to audio cables. As in audio cables we can run cab
 * Frequency you're currently trying to transmit
 * The length of the cable
 
-RF circuits need to consider impedance matching, and the most likely to fluctuate in impedance is the cable. So the antenna cable we used for our radio systems is usually **[coax cable](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/coax_cable.md) with a nice BNC connector**.
+RF circuits need to consider impedance matching, and the most likely to fluctuate in impedance is the cable. So the antenna cable we used for our radio systems is usually **[coax cable](signal/hardware/cable/coax_cable.md) with a nice BNC connector**.
 
 
 
diff --git a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/coax_cable.md b/content/signal/hardware/cable/coax_cable.md
similarity index 69%
rename from content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/coax_cable.md
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index c8b62bed3..15dc2fc1c 100644
--- a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/coax_cable.md
+++ b/content/signal/hardware/cable/coax_cable.md
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ date: 2023-12-05
 ---
 
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231205144443.png)
+![](signal/hardware/cable/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020231205144443.png)
 
 
-A coaxial cable as a transmission line consisting of an inner conducting wire of radius A and an outer conducting sheath of radius B. The space between the two conductors is filled with a dielectric. The fields are entirely contained internally, so coaxial cables are completely protected from outside interference. However, they are difficult to fabricate, [unbalanced](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/coax_cable_imbalance.md) and lossy over long distances, so their use is constrained to close range applications.
+A coaxial cable as a transmission line consisting of an inner conducting wire of radius A and an outer conducting sheath of radius B. The space between the two conductors is filled with a dielectric. The fields are entirely contained internally, so coaxial cables are completely protected from outside interference. However, they are difficult to fabricate, [unbalanced](signal/hardware/cable/coax_cable_imbalance.md) and lossy over long distances, so their use is constrained to close range applications.
 
 
 
diff --git a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/coax_cable_imbalance.md b/content/signal/hardware/cable/coax_cable_imbalance.md
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rename from content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/coax_cable_imbalance.md
rename to content/signal/hardware/cable/coax_cable_imbalance.md
diff --git a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/skin_effect.md b/content/signal/hardware/cable/skin_effect.md
similarity index 100%
rename from content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/skin_effect.md
rename to content/signal/hardware/cable/skin_effect.md
diff --git a/content/signal/hardware/frequency_mixer.md b/content/signal/hardware/frequency_mixer/frequency_mixer.md
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rename from content/signal/hardware/frequency_mixer.md
rename to content/signal/hardware/frequency_mixer/frequency_mixer.md
diff --git a/content/signal/hardware/oscilloscope/MOC.md b/content/signal/hardware/oscilloscope/MOC.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13a72d293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/signal/hardware/oscilloscope/MOC.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: Oscilloscope - MOC
+tags:
+  - basic
+  - oscilloscope
+  - MOC
+date: 2024-05-24
+---
+* [oscilloscope](signal/hardware/oscilloscope/oscilloscope.md)
+* [DCA](signal/hardware/oscilloscope/DCA.md)
+* [Triggering](signal/hardware/oscilloscope/triggering.md)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/oscilloscope/oscilloscope.md b/content/signal/hardware/oscilloscope/oscilloscope.md
similarity index 88%
rename from content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/oscilloscope/oscilloscope.md
rename to content/signal/hardware/oscilloscope/oscilloscope.md
index 2c51e6182..8b25ed061 100644
--- a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/oscilloscope/oscilloscope.md
+++ b/content/signal/hardware/oscilloscope/oscilloscope.md
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ An oscilloscope is a testing and measurement instrument that can display the dyn
 
 In analog oscilloscopes, the CRT is the main component. Like the figure:
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/oscilloscope/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020240412115407.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020240412115407.png)
 
 The vertical system is responsible for sending the main image to the vertical deflection plate of the CRT. Vertical systems amplify or attenuate input signals. The horizontal system is responsible for the movement of the electron beam from left to right. Trigger the system determines when to draw the waveform on the CRT.
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ The Z-axis circuit below is in charge of brightness control of the electron beam
 
 Let's see the vertical subsystem of the oscilloscope. The basic form of an analog oscillsocpe consists of an attenuator, preamplifier, delay line, and main amplifier. Like the figure:
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/oscilloscope/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020240412115836.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020240412115836.png)
 
 * **Attenuator**: attenuating the input signal and allows for AC or DC coupling.
 	* 直接输入的信号可能超过示波器屏幕显示范围，因此通过衰减器降低信号幅度；衰减器通过**Partial Attenuation(部分衰竭)** 来保持信号的细节和波形特征
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ Let's see the vertical subsystem of the oscilloscope. The basic form of an analo
 * **Horizontal subsystem** as figure:
 	* The horizontal signal system provides a **deflection voltage** to the horizontal plate to move the electron beam horizontally. For this purpose, the scanning generator circuit generates sawtooth (or ramp) signals to control the scanning rate of the beam. The sawtooth or ramp signal rises linearly and can measure the time between two events. The scanning generator is calibrated in a timely manner, hence it is also known as a **time base**.
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/oscilloscope/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020240412153613.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020240412153613.png)
 
 * **Trigger system** as figure:
 	* The trigger system determines the time when the oscilloscope draws the waveform on the screen.
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/oscilloscope/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020240412154021.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020240412154021.png)
 
 显像管屏幕内部涂有磷，因此当电子与之碰撞时，屏幕就会发光。水平系统负责将光束从左向右移动。当光束到达屏幕的最右侧时，它会迅速返回左侧，重新开始这个过程。这个过程称为扫描（或跟踪或扫描）。
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Let's see the vertical subsystem of the oscilloscope. The basic form of an analo
 
 ## Principle
 
-![](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/oscilloscope/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020240412154704.png)
+![](signal/hardware/attachments/Pasted%20image%2020240412154704.png)
 
 
 
diff --git a/content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/quality_control_certified/qcc.md b/content/signal/hardware/quality_control_certified/qcc.md
similarity index 100%
rename from content/signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/quality_control_certified/qcc.md
rename to content/signal/hardware/quality_control_certified/qcc.md
diff --git a/content/signal/signal_processing/signal_processing_MOC.md b/content/signal/signal_MOC.md
similarity index 87%
rename from content/signal/signal_processing/signal_processing_MOC.md
rename to content/signal/signal_MOC.md
index 633838595..134cce695 100644
--- a/content/signal/signal_processing/signal_processing_MOC.md
+++ b/content/signal/signal_MOC.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-title: Signal Processing - MOC
+title: Signal - MOC
 tags:
   - MOC
   - signal-processing
@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@ date: 2024-03-18
 * [Instantaneous Frequency](signal/signal_processing/basic_knowledge/instantaneous_frequency.md)
 # Devices and Components
 
-* [✨Learn VNA in practical way](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/VNA_learn.md)
-* [Cable](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/cable/cable.md)
-* [oscilloscope](signal/signal_processing/device_and_components/oscilloscope/oscilloscope.md)
+* [VNA](signal/hardware/VNA/MOC.md)
+* [Cable](signal/hardware/cable/cable.md)
+* [oscilloscope](signal/hardware/oscilloscope/MOC.md)
+* [SRD](signal/hardware/SRD/SRD.md)
 
 # Signal Algorithm about